Abstract. This short paper introduces the issues and challenges of next generation Java-based smart card platforms. Betting on a continuous evolution toward open computing devices, next generation cards will consist in embedded Java micro-server platforms. Those platforms will be able to serve various types of services and applications thanks to two important system features: adaptability and maintainability. Two features that have to be carefully taken into account in the research perspectives described in this paper: real Java for cards, cards integration in a networked world, and flexible and adaptable cards.