IPsec is the current security standard for the Internet Protocol IP. According to this standard, a selected computer pair (p, q) in the Internet can be designated a “security association”. This designation guarantees that all sent IP messages whose original source is computer p and whose ultimate destination is computer q cannot be replayed in the future (by an adversary between p and q) and still be received by computer q as fresh messages from p. This guarantee is provided by adding increasing sequence numbers to all IP messages sent from p to q. Thus, p needs to always remember the sequence number of the last sent message, and q needs to always remember the sequence number of the last received message. Unfortunately, when computer p or q is reset these sequence numbers can be forgotten, and this leads to two bad possibilities: unbounded number of fresh messages from p can be discarded by q, and unbounded number of replayed messages can be accepted by q. In this paper, we propose...
Chin-Tser Huang, Mohamed G. Gouda, E. N. Elnozahy