Modelling of multi-layer power system interactions will become increasingly important as market mechanisms and feedback controls become more tightly coupled into the physical system layer. Time-delays are an important aspect of that inter-layer coupling. This paper integrates deterministic, nonlinear time-delays into a systematic hybrid (continuous/discrete) system model. The paper addresses issues arising in the implementation of implicit numerical integration techniques, and computation of trajectory sensitivities. Applications that have the form of inverse problems are motivated.
Ian A. Hiskens