Nonadditive Gaussian watermarking and its application to wavelet-based image watermarking

This paper extends our recent game-theoretic approach [1] to design and embed watermarks in Gaussian signals in the presence of an adversary. The detector solves a binary hypothesis testing problem. The system is designed to minimize probability of error under the worst-case attack in a prescribed class of attacks. In this paper, the embedder is allowed to filter the host signal and add a watermark, thereby making the scheme nonadditive. The theory is applied to wavelet-based image watermarking. We find that, in this framework, additive watermarks are clearly suboptimal.

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2002
• Where: ICIP
• Authors: Pierre Moulin, Aleksandar Ivanovic
• Keywords: Additive Watermarks, Binary Hypothesis Testing, ICIP 2002, Image Processing, Worst-case Attack