Nonverbal leakage in robots: communication of intentions through seemingly unintentional behavior

Human communication involves a number of nonverbal cues that are seemingly unintentional, unconscious, and automatic—both in their production and perception—and convey rich information on the emotional state and intentions of an individual. One family of such cues is called “nonverbal leakage.” In this paper, we explore whether people can read nonverbal leakage cues—particularly gaze cues—in humanlike robots and make inferences on robots’ intentions, and whether the physical design of the robot affects these inferences. We designed a gaze cue for Geminoid—a highly e android—and Robovie—a robot with stylized, abstract humanlike features—that allowed the robots to “leak” information on what they might have in mind. In a controlled laboratory experiment, we asked participants to play a game of guessing with either of the robots and evaluated how the gaze cue affected participants’ task performance. We found that the gaze cue did, in fact, lead to better perfor...

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2009
• Where: HRI
• Authors: Bilge Mutlu, Fumitaka Yamaoka, Takayuki Kanda, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Norihiro Hagita
• Keywords: Gaze Cue, HRI 2009, Nonverbal Leakage, Robot