Abstract. Notations like SGML and XML represent document structures using tree structures; while this is in general a step forward from earlier systems, it creates certain difficulties for the representation of documents in which the structures of interest are not properly nested. Overlapping structures, discontinuous structures, and material which occurs in different orders in different parts, views, or versions of a document are all problems for SGML and XML. Overlapping structures have received attention from a variety of authors on SGML and XML, who have proposed various solutions including the use of non-SGML notations with translation into SGML for processing, the use of the concur feature of SGML, exploitation of conditional marked sections in the DTD and document instance, the imposition of various kinds of unusual interpretations on SGML/XML elements as milestones or as fragments of some larger ‘virtual’ element, or the use of detailed annotation separate from the base t...
C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Claus Huitfeldt