Fully-populated tori, where every node has a processor attached, do not scale well since load on edges increases superlinearly with network size under heavy communication, resulting in a degradation in network throughput. In a partially-populated network, processors are placed on a subset of available nodes, and a routing algorithm is specified among the processors. Analogous to multistage networks, it is desirable to have the total number of messages being routed through a particular edge increase at most linearly with the size of the placement on torus networks. Recently, Blaum, Bruck, Pifarr
M. Cemil Azizoglu, Ömer Egecioglu