A novel method unifying viewer and model centered approaches for representing structurally complex 3-D objects like human faces is presented. The uni ed 3D frequency-domain representation (called Volumetric/Iconic Spectral Signatures - V/ISS) encapsulates both the spatial structure of the object and a continuum of its views in the same data structure. An extension of the Projection Slice Theorem is used to directly extract the frequency-domain image of an object as viewed from any direction. Each such Fouriertransformed view is a planar slice of the volumetric frequency representation. The V/ISS representation is employed for pose-invariant recognition of complex objects such as faces. The recognition and pose estimation is based on an e cient matching algorithm in a four dimensional Fourier space. Experimental examples of pose estimation and recognition of faces are presented.