Natural, technological and man-made disasters are typically followed by chaos that results from an inadequate overall response. Three separate levels of coordination are addressed in the mitigation and preparedness phase of disaster management where environmental conditions are slowly changing: (1) communication and transportation infrastructure, (2) monitoring and assessment tools, (3) collaborative tools and services for information sharing. However, the nature of emergencies is to be unpredictable. Toward that end, a fourth level of coordination