To overcome the rising complexity of computing systems, the paradigms of Autonomic Computing and Organic Computing have been introduced. By using an observer/controller architecture, Organic Computing aims to make embedded systems more life-like by providing them with so-called Self-X properties. Embedded real-time systems can also gain great benefit from these techniques. In this paper, we show what new requirements arise when introducing Autonomic/Organic Computing into the area of real-time applications. These requirements flow into the architecture of the real-time operating system CAROS. CAROS combines several concepts to provide a solid base for the implementation of Self-X techniques in embedded real-time systems. We show the practicability of our concepts with a prototypical implementation on the multithreaded CarCore microcontroller.