Anisotropic meshes are triangulations of a given domain in the plane or in higher dimensions, with elements elongated along prescribed directions. Anisotropic triangulations have been shown to be particularly well suited for interpolation of functions or numerical modeling. We propose a new approach to anisotropic mesh generation, relying on the notion of locally uniform anisotropic mesh. A locally uniform anisotropic mesh is a mesh such that the star around each vertex v coincides with the star that v would have if the metric on the domain was uniform and equal to the metric at v. This definition allows to define a simple refinement algorithm which relies on elementary predicates, and provides, after completion, an anisotropic mesh in dimensions 2 and 3. A practical implementation has been done in the 2D case.