A discriminative language model with pseudo-negative samples

In this paper, we propose a novel discriminative language model, which can be applied quite generally. Compared to the well known N-gram language models, discriminative language models can achieve more accurate discrimination because they can employ overlapping features and nonlocal information. However, discriminative language models have been used only for re-ranking in specific applications because negative examples are not available. We propose sampling pseudo-negative examples taken from probabilistic language models. However, this approach requires prohibitive computational cost if we are dealing with quite a few features and training samples. We tackle the problem by estimating the latent information in sentences using a semiMarkov class model, and then extracting features from them. We also use an online margin-based algorithm with efficient kernel computation. Experimental results show that pseudo-negative examples can be treated as real negative examples and our model can ...

• Type: Conference
• Year: 2007
• Where: ACL
• Authors: Daisuke Okanohara, Jun-ichi Tsujii
• Keywords: ACL 2007, Computational Linguistics, Discriminative Language Models, Language Models, Negative Examples