— In the globalisation spirit, one of the major objectives of companies is how to reduce the production losses cost-effectively for continuously enhancement of competitiveness and profitability. However, this area has been neglected by scientists and not given the attention justified considering its obvious link to company profitability. To fill this gap, better understanding of the relations and interactions between man, machine/production process, maintenance and economy is vital. Also, it is important for identifying and eliminating root causes of the losses. In this paper, we develop a model to describe these interactions using the most relevant factors, such as maintenance organisation, personnel commitment, machine condition and characteristics, and the impact of maintenance performance on production time. The use of the model and its potential benefits are tested using an application example. This example illustrates how the above mentioned factors affect the production time a...