The importance of a design methodology when using Formal Description Techniques is generally agreed in the scientific community. This paper presents some design principles and concepts that characterize a step-wise refinement design approach and illustrates their application on an example of a mutual exclusion access system. The relevance of this work is to provide a reference as to how design decisions during the design trajectory can be taken and represented in LOTOS specifications, and to evaluate the suitability of such techniques for use on an industrial scale.