Maintaining the best quality is essential for the survival of a company in a globally competitive world. Six Sigma activity has been widely accepted as one of the most efficient and powerful problem-solving methods for quality issues. The define-measure-analyze-improvecontrol (DMAIC) approach based on data has been very powerful for identifying, defining, solving a problem, and controlling the solution. However, for many process engineers, the DMAIC approach is so general an approach that they have difficulty defining and solving problems. To solve this limitation, we need to introduce the knowledge of chemical industries to the DMAIC. This paper presents a hierarchical decision procedure for quality improvement that can enhance the power of the Six Sigma approach dramatically by capturing the domainspecific knowledge for the design, operation, and control of petrochemical processes and integrating them into a hierarchy of decisions. The proposed hierarchical decision procedure offers...