We here present and evaluate relative accounting, an autonomous accounting scheme that provides accurate results even when the parties (consumer and provider) do not trust each other. Relative accounting relies on the observed relative performance among the parties. As such, the basic requirement to use it is that resource consumers must also be resource providers. Relative accounting is totally autonomous in the sense that it uses only local information, i.e. there is no exchange of information between the parties. This allows for the deployment of the autonomous accounting without requiring any sort of identification infrastructure, such as certificate authorities. Not requiring trust or sophisticated infrastructure makes relative accounting a perfect fit for peer-to-peer grids, which aim to scale much further than traditional grids by allowing free unidentified entry into the grid. Our results show that relative accounting performs very close to a perfect accounting, whose implemen...