Color Image Watermarking Using Multidimensional Fourier Transforms

This paper presents two vector watermarking schemes that are based on the use of complex and quaternion Fourier transforms and demonstrates, for the first time, how to embed watermarks into the frequency domain that is consistent with our human visual system. Watermark casting is performed by estimating the just-noticeable distortion of the images, to ensure watermark invisibility. The first method encodes the chromatic content of a color image into the CIE chromaticity coordinates while the achromatic content is encoded as CIE tristimulus value. Color watermarks (yellow and blue) are embedded in the frequency domain of the chromatic channels by using the spatiochromatic discrete Fourier transform. It first encodes and as complex values, followed by a single discrete Fourier transform. The most interesting characteristic of the scheme is the possibility of performing watermarking in the frequency domain of chromatic components. The second method encodes the components of color images a...

• Type: Journal
• Year: 2008
• Where: TIFS
• Authors: Tsz Kin Tsui, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Dimitrios Androutsos
• Keywords: Fourier Transform, Frequency Domain, TIFS 2008, Watermark