Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become a popular platform for sharing and exchanging voluminous information among thousands or even millions of users. The massive amount of information shared in such systems mandates efficient semantic based search instead of key-based search. The majority of existing proposals can only support simple key based search rather than semantic based search. This paper presents the design of an overlay network, namely semantic small world (SSW), that facilitates efficient semantic based search in P2P systems. SSW achieves the efficiency based on the following four ideas: 1) semantic clustering: peers with similar semantics organize into peer clusters; 2) dimension reduction: to address the high maintenance overhead associated with capturing high-dimensional data semantics in the overlay, peer clusters are adaptively mapped to a one-dimensional naming space; 3) small world network: peer clusters form into a one-dimensional small world network, which is searc...