Abstract. Automatic recognition of human faces is becoming increasingly popular in civilian and law enforcement applications that require reliable recognition of humans. However, the rapid improvement and widespread deployment of this technology raises strong concerns regarding the violation of individuals' privacy. A typical application scenario for privacy-preserving face recognition concerns a client who privately searches for a specific face image in the face image database of a server. In this paper we present a privacy-preserving face recognition scheme that substantially improves over previous work in terms of communicationand computation efficiency: the most recent proposal of Erkin et al. (PETS'09) requires O(log M) rounds and computationally expensive operations on homomorphically encrypted data to recognize a face in a database of M faces. Our improved scheme requires only O(1) rounds and has a substantially smaller online communication complexity (by a factor of 1...