We investigate fast algorithms for changing between the standard basis and an orthogonal basis of idempotents for M¨obius algebras of finite lattices. We show that every lattice with v elements, n of which are nonzero and join-irreducible (or, by a dual result, nonzero and meet-irreducible), has arithmetic circuits of size O(vn) for computing the zeta transform and its inverse, thus enabling fast multiplication in the M¨obius algebra. Furthermore, the circuit construction in fact gives optimal (up to constants) circuits for a number of lattices of combinatorial and algebraic relevance, such as the lattice of subsets of a finite set, the lattice of set partitions of a finite set, the lattice of vector subspaces of a finite vector space, and the lattice of positive divisors of a positive integer.