Dual Gramian analysis is one of the fundamental tools developed in a series of papers [37, 40, 38, 39, 42] for studying frames. Using dual Gramian analysis, the frame operator can be represented as a family of matrices composed of the Fourier transforms of the generators of (generalized) shiftinvariant systems, which allows us to characterize most properties of frames and tight frames in terms of their generators. Such a characterization is applied in the above-mentioned papers to two widely used frame systems, namely Gabor and wavelet frame systems. Among many results, we mention here the discovery of the duality principle for Gabor frames [40] and the unitary extension principle for wavelet frames [38]. This paper aims at establishing the dual Gramian analysis for frames in a general Hilbert space and subsequently characterizing the frame properties of a given system using the dual Gramian matrix generated by its elements. Consequently, many interesting results can be obtained for fr...