This paper discusses the use of instant messaging (IM) as a communication tool during usability studies ? primarily between the interview and observation rooms. The benefits and challenges associated with providing an IM link are discussed, based on feedback from a survey of study moderators and observers. Observers were much more positive about the use of IM than the moderators. A key concern to moderators was the potential distraction to themselves, participants and observers. In contrast, observers greatly welcomed the opportunity to ask questions and help deal with buggy prototypes. Guidelines are outlined for the effective use of IM within a usability context, and contexts outlined when an IM link is most appropriate. Keywords Usability testing, instant messaging, test methodology ACM Classification Keywords H5.3. Group and Organization Interfaces: Collaborative Computing, I.m Computing Methodologies: Misc.