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Introduction to Optical Networking

15 years 9 months ago
Introduction to Optical Networking
A six-session course on Optical networking taught in 2002. These sessions covered the following topics: Fundamentals of Networking, Introduction to TCP/IP, Fundamentals of Optical Communication, Carrier Networking Technologies, Next Generation Data Networking Technologies: Gigabit and 10 Gbps Ethernet, and Recent Developments in Optical Networking: IP over DWDM, UNI, ASON, GMPLS
Raj Jain
Added 09 Feb 2009
Updated 09 Feb 2009
Authors Raj Jain
 Fundamentals of Networking

This is the first lecture of a 6-lecture tutorial series on optical networking for non-networking professionals. This lecture covers the following topics:

  • Fundamentals of Networking
  • Protocol Layers
  • ISO/OSI Reference Model
  • Transmission Media
  • Coaxial Cable
  • Twisted Pair
  • Optical Fibers
  • Fundamentals of Light
  • Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • Recent DWDM Records
  • Attenuation and Dispersion
  • DeciBels
  • Four-Wave Mixing
  • Recent Products Announcements
  • Physical Layer: Coding
  • Bit, Baud, Hertz
  • Coding Examples
  • Layer 2: Datalink
  • High-Level Data Link Control
  • HDLC Framing
  • Bit Stuffing
  • Point-to-point Protocol (PPP)
  • PPP in HDLC-Like Framing
  • CSMA/CD
  • IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD
  • Ethernet Standards
  • IEEE 802 Address Format
  • Ethernet vs IEEE 802.3
  • Interconnection Devices
  • Spanning Tree

Introduction to TCP/IP

This is the second lecture of a six lecture tutorial series on Optical Networking. It covers the following topics:

  • TCP/IP Reference Model
  • Layered Packet Format
  • Internetworking
  • Internet = Collection of Networks
  • Internet Protocol (IP)
  • IP Datagram Format
  • IP Addressing
  • Subnetting
  • Forwarding an IP Datagram
  • Private Addresses
  • Domain Name Service
  • Name Hierarchy
  • Name Resolution
  • Autonomous Systems
  • Routing Protocols
  • Routing Information Protocol
  • Shortcomings of RIP V1
  • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
  • Router Types
  • OSPF Operation
  • Border Gateway Protocol
  • BGP Operations
  • TCP: Key Features
  • Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
  • TCP Header Format
  • TCP Header
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Fundamentals of Optical Communications

This is the third lecture of a six-part tutorial series. This lecture covers the following topics:

  • Optical Communication History
  • Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • Attenuation and Dispersion
  • Wavebands
  • Optical Components
  • Types of Fibers
  • Dispersion
  • Reducing Modal Dispersion
  • LOMMF
  • Plastic Fiber
  • Hard Polymer Clad Silica Fiber
  • Attenuation and Dispersion
  • Polarization Mode Dispersion
  • Fiber Specifications
  • Optical Sources
  • Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
  • LEDs vs Laser Diodes
  • Modulators
  • Optical Detectors
  • PIN vs Avalanche Photodiodes
  • Photonic Sensing
  • Optical Amplifiers
  • EDFAs
  • Raman Amplifiers
  • Optical Switches
  • Optical Crossconnect Architectures
  • OEO vs OOO Switches
  • New Developments
  • 40 Gbps
  • More Wavelengths
  • Ultra-Long Haul Transmission

Carrier Networking Technologies

This is the fourth lecture of a six=lecture tutorial seris. This lecture covers the following topics:

  • Phone Voice Quality
  • Time Division Multiplexing
  • Multiplexing
  • T1 Frame
  • T1
  • North America vs Europe
  • European System: E1
  • Digital TDM Hierarchy
  • SONET
  • SONET Protocols
  • Physical Components
  • Signal Hierarchy
  • Delay Sensitive Transport
  • Byte Multiplexing
  • SONET Frame Format
  • STS-1 Overhead Bytes
  • SONET Overhead Bytes
  • Floating Payload
  • Virtual Tributaries
  • How to Send Bigger Payloads?
  • Multiplexing
  • Concatenation
  • STS-3c Frame Format
  • STS-3c Overhead bytes
  • Protection
  • Line vs. Path
  • 1+1 Protection
  • 1:1 Protection
  • Rings Provide Protection
  • Unidirectional Path Switched Ring
  • Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring
  • Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring (2-Fiber)
  • Timing in Networks
  • Clock Distribution
  • Scrambling
  • SONET Scrambling
  • Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
  • SONET vs SDH
  • Optical Transport Network (OTN)
  • OTN Layers and Frame Format

Next Generation Data Networking

This is the fifth lecture of a six-part tutorail on optical networking. This lecture covers the following topics:

  • Distance-B/W Principle
  • Ethernet vs Fast Ethernet
  • Full-Duplex Ethernet
  • 1 GbE: Key Design Decisions
  • 1000Base-X
  • 1000Base-T
  • 10 GbE: Key Design Decisions
  • 10 GbE PMD Types
  • 10 GbE over Dark Fiber
  • 10 GbE over SONET/SDH
  • 802.3x Full-Duplex Flow Control
  • 802.3ad Link Aggregation
  • Jumbo Frames
  • Future Possibilities
  • Ethernet vs SONET
  • Networking and Religion
  • RPR: Key Features
  • RPR Protection Mechanisms
  • RPR Issues
  • Packet over SONET (PoS)
  • X.86: Ethernet over SDH (EoS)
  • Data over SONET: Problems
  • Data over SONET: Solutions
  • SONET Virtual Concatenation
  • SONET LCAS
  • Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
  • Transparent GFP
  • Problems with Leased Lines
  • Solution: Frame Relay
  • Frame Relay: Key Features

Recent Developments in Optical Networking

This is the sixth lecture of a six-lecture tutorial on optical networking. This lecture covers the following topics:

  • IP over DWDM
  • ATM Networks
  • Virtual Circuit Switching
  • IP over DWDM (Past)
  • IP over DWDM: Protocol Layers
  • IP over DWDM (Future)
  • Telecom vs Data Networks
  • Telecom vs Data Networks
  • IP over DWDM Issues
  • Issue: Control and Data Plane Separation
  • Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
  • Label Switching Example
  • Label Assignment
  • IP-Based Control Plane
  • MPlS
  • GMPLS
  • GMPLS: Layered View
  • GMPLS: Hierarchical View
  • MPLS vs GMPLS
  • Carriers vs Enterprise
  • Issue: UNI vs Peer-to-Peer Signaling
  • ASTN/ASON
  • Upcoming Technologies
  • Free Space Optical Comm
  • Free Space Optical Comm
  • Optical Packet Switching

 

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