: © Achieving 10 Gb/s using Safe and Transparent Network Interface Virtualization Kaushik Kumar Ram, Jose Renato Santos, Yoshio Turner, Alan L. Cox, Scott Rixner HP Laboratories HPL-2009-25 virtual machine, virtualization, performance analysis, I/O, networking, device drivers. This paper presents mechanisms and optimizations to reduce the overhead of network interface virtualization when using the driver domain I/O virtualization model. The driver domain model provides benefits such as support for legacy device drivers and fault isolation. However, the processing overheads incurred in the driver domain to achieve these benefits limit overall I/O performance. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of two approaches to reduce driver domain overheads. First, Xen is modified to support multi-queue network interfaces to eliminate the software overheads of packet demultiplexing and copying. Second, a grant reuse mechanism is developed to reduce memory protection overheads. These mechanis...