—Layered streaming in overlay networks has drawn great interests since not only can it accomodate large scales of clients but also it handles client heterogeneities. However, to our knowledge, there’s still a lack of overlay construction (i.e. neighbor selection) approach suited for layered streaming, because i) In existing works neighbors are selected only based on their network conditions. However, a neighbor with good network condition may not be able to provide sufficient layers (e.g. a neighbor in the same LAN). ii) Previous works usually select “good” neighbors for the new node, ignoring that the joining of the new node could also be utilized to improve the performance of existing nodes. In this paper, OCals–a two-stage QoS aware overlay construction approach for layered streaming is proposed. The main contribution of OCals is that i) when selecting neighbor, it considers existing nodes’ network conditions and their providing layers as a whole; ii) it guarantees the ...