Abstract. In this paper, we describe a novel camera calibration method to estimate the extrinsic parameters and the focal length of a camera by using only one single image of two coplanar circles with arbitrary radius. We consider that a method of simple operation to estimate the extrinsic parameters and the focal length of a camera is very important because in many vision based applications, the position, the pose and the zooming factor of a camera is adjusted frequently. An easy to use and convenient camera calibration method should have two characteristics: 1) the calibration object can be produced or prepared easily, and 2) the operation of a calibration job is simple and easy. Our new method satisfies this requirement, while most existing camera calibration methods do not because they need a specially designed calibration object, and require multi-view images. Because drawing beautiful circles with arbitrary radius is so easy that one can even draw it on the ground with only a rop...