This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of automatic music transcription using electronic synthesis with genetic algorithms. Although the problem is well known and different techniques have been applied before, evolutionary algorithms have never been considered when addressing this problem. By means of a series of steps, we show that a polyphonic MIDI file -containing instrument’s partiturescan be automatically generated from an audio recording, by extracting and separating simultaneous notes. The results obtained shows the feasibility of the approach. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.5 [Sound and Music Computing]: Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing; I.2.m [Artificial Intelligence]: Miscellaneous General Terms Algorithms Keywords Automatic Music Transcription, Genetic Algorithms, Multiple F0 estimation, Melody Extraction, Polyphonic Music Transcription, Polyphonic Pitch Estimation