This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of automatic music transcription using electronic synthesis with genetic algorithms. Although the problem is well known and different techniques have been applied before, evolutionary algorithms have never been considered when addressing this problem. We show that, by means of a series of steps, a polyphonic MIDI file -containing instrument’s partiturescan be automatically generated from an audio recording, by extracting and separating simultaneous notes. We describe also the future steps of our research in order to improve the genetic algorithm: increasing performance and decreasing memory usage, extracting the instrument’s features, accurate transcription of note’s duration and, if necessary, the employment of parallel systems. The results obtained shows the feasibility of the approach. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.5 [Sound and Music Computing]: Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing; I.2.m [Artificial Intell...