The third Termination Competition took place in June 2006. We present the background, results and conclusions of this competition. 1 Motivation and history In the past decades several techniques have been developed to prove termination of programs and rewrite systems. In the late nineties the emphasis in this research shifted towards automation: for a new technique the final goal was not to use it by hand in order to prove termination of a number of systems, but to implement it in such a way that termination proofs could be found fully automatically using a computer. Since around 2000 several tools were developed for this goal. In 2003 the idea came up to organize a competition on these tool by developing an extensive set of termination problems called TPDB (termination problem data base), and run the tools on them and compare the results. The main objectives for such a competition were and are: • stimulate research in this area, shifting emphasis towards automation, and • provide...