This is the first lecture of a 6-lecture tutorial series on optical networking for non-networking professionals. This lecture covers the following topics:

• Fundamentals of Networking
• Protocol Layers
• ISO/OSI Reference Model
• Transmission Media
• Coaxial Cable
• Twisted Pair
• Optical Fibers
• Fundamentals of Light
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Recent DWDM Records
• Attenuation and Dispersion
• DeciBels
• Four-Wave Mixing
• Recent Products Announcements
• Physical Layer: Coding
• Bit, Baud, Hertz
• Coding Examples
• Layer 2: Datalink
• High-Level Data Link Control
• HDLC Framing
• Bit Stuffing
• Point-to-point Protocol (PPP)
• PPP in HDLC-Like Framing
• CSMA/CD
• IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD
• Ethernet Standards
• IEEE 802 Address Format
• Ethernet vs IEEE 802.3
• Interconnection Devices
• Spanning Tree

Introduction to TCP/IP

This is the second lecture of a six lecture tutorial series on Optical Networking. It covers the following topics:

• TCP/IP Reference Model
• Layered Packet Format
• Internetworking
• Internet = Collection of Networks
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• IP Datagram Format
• IP Addressing
• Subnetting
• Forwarding an IP Datagram
• Private Addresses
• Domain Name Service
• Name Hierarchy
• Name Resolution
• Autonomous Systems
• Routing Protocols
• Routing Information Protocol
• Shortcomings of RIP V1
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Router Types
• OSPF Operation
• Border Gateway Protocol
• BGP Operations
• TCP: Key Features
• Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
• TCP Header Format
• TCP Header
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Fundamentals of Optical Communications

This is the third lecture of a six-part tutorial series. This lecture covers the following topics:

• Optical Communication History
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Attenuation and Dispersion
• Wavebands
• Optical Components
• Types of Fibers
• Dispersion
• Reducing Modal Dispersion
• LOMMF
• Plastic Fiber
• Hard Polymer Clad Silica Fiber
• Attenuation and Dispersion
• Polarization Mode Dispersion
• Fiber Specifications
• Optical Sources
• Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
• LEDs vs Laser Diodes
• Modulators
• Optical Detectors
• PIN vs Avalanche Photodiodes
• Photonic Sensing
• Optical Amplifiers
• EDFAs
• Raman Amplifiers
• Optical Switches
• Optical Crossconnect Architectures
• OEO vs OOO Switches
• New Developments
• 40 Gbps
• More Wavelengths
• Ultra-Long Haul Transmission

Carrier Networking Technologies

This is the fourth lecture of a six=lecture tutorial seris. This lecture covers the following topics:

• Phone Voice Quality
• Time Division Multiplexing
• Multiplexing
• T1 Frame
• T1
• North America vs Europe
• European System: E1
• Digital TDM Hierarchy
• SONET
• SONET Protocols
• Physical Components
• Signal Hierarchy
• Delay Sensitive Transport
• Byte Multiplexing
• SONET Frame Format
• STS-1 Overhead Bytes
• SONET Overhead Bytes
• Floating Payload
• Virtual Tributaries
• How to Send Bigger Payloads?
• Multiplexing
• Concatenation
• STS-3c Frame Format
• STS-3c Overhead bytes
• Protection
• Line vs. Path
• 1+1 Protection
• 1:1 Protection
• Rings Provide Protection
• Unidirectional Path Switched Ring
• Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring
• Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring (2-Fiber)
• Timing in Networks
• Clock Distribution
• Scrambling
• SONET Scrambling
• Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
• SONET vs SDH
• Optical Transport Network (OTN)
• OTN Layers and Frame Format

Next Generation Data Networking

This is the fifth lecture of a six-part tutorail on optical networking. This lecture covers the following topics:

• Distance-B/W Principle
• Ethernet vs Fast Ethernet
• Full-Duplex Ethernet
• 1 GbE: Key Design Decisions
• 1000Base-X
• 1000Base-T
• 10 GbE: Key Design Decisions
• 10 GbE PMD Types
• 10 GbE over Dark Fiber
• 10 GbE over SONET/SDH
• 802.3x Full-Duplex Flow Control
• 802.3ad Link Aggregation
• Jumbo Frames
• Future Possibilities
• Ethernet vs SONET
• Networking and Religion
• RPR: Key Features
• RPR Protection Mechanisms
• RPR Issues
• Packet over SONET (PoS)
• X.86: Ethernet over SDH (EoS)
• Data over SONET: Problems
• Data over SONET: Solutions
• SONET Virtual Concatenation
• SONET LCAS
• Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
• Transparent GFP
• Problems with Leased Lines
• Solution: Frame Relay
• Frame Relay: Key Features

Recent Developments in Optical Networking

This is the sixth lecture of a six-lecture tutorial on optical networking. This lecture covers the following topics:

• IP over DWDM
• ATM Networks
• Virtual Circuit Switching
• IP over DWDM (Past)
• IP over DWDM: Protocol Layers
• IP over DWDM (Future)
• Telecom vs Data Networks
• Telecom vs Data Networks
• IP over DWDM Issues
• Issue: Control and Data Plane Separation
• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
• Label Switching Example
• Label Assignment
• IP-Based Control Plane
• MPlS
• GMPLS
• GMPLS: Layered View
• GMPLS: Hierarchical View
• MPLS vs GMPLS
• Carriers vs Enterprise
• Issue: UNI vs Peer-to-Peer Signaling
• ASTN/ASON
• Upcoming Technologies
• Free Space Optical Comm
• Free Space Optical Comm
• Optical Packet Switching