The control of autonomous intelligent robotic agent operating in unstructured changing environments includes many objective difficulties. One major difficulty concerns the characteristics of the environment that the agent should operate in. In unstructured and changing environments the inconsistency of the terrain, the irregularity of the product and the open nature of the working environment result in complex problems of identification, sensing and control. Problems can range from the effects of varying environmental conditions on the robot sensors and traction performance through to the need to deal with the presence of unexpected situations. Another major challenge is the large amounts of uncertainty that characterises real-world environments. On the one hand, it is not possible to have exact and complete prior knowledge of these environments. On the other hand, knowledge acquired through sensing is affected by uncertainty and imprecision. The quality of sensor information is influ...
Hani Hagras, Tarek M. Sobh