Abstract. In this paper we introduce a new mesh refinement method for subdivision surfaces. It generates a semiregular 4-direction hierarchical structure from control meshes representing 2D manifolds of arbitrary topology. The main advantage of this structure is that it allows the extraction of conforming variable-resolution meshes based on spatially varying adaptation functions. We also present a smoothing method designed to work in conjunction with our semi-regular refinement. It produces generalized four direction Box spline surfaces of class