Inferential problems that arise in the empirical analysis oftreatmentresponseinduceambiguityabouttheidentity of optimal treatment rules. This paper describes a research program that begins with general themes about decisions under ambiguity, next specializes to problems of treatment choice under ambiguity, and then shows how identification problems and statistical issues induce ambiguity in treatment choice. Keywords. Identification, ambiguity, treatment response, bounds, statistical treatment rules
Charles F. Manski