To complement standard fitness functions, we propose "Fitness Importance" (FI) as a novel meta-heuristic for online learning systems. We define FI and show how it can be...
Large scale gene duplication is a major force driving the evolution of genetic functional innovation. Whole genome duplications are widely believed to have played an important rol...
ÐExplicitly stated program invariants can help programmers by identifying program properties that must be preserved when modifying code. In practice, however, these invariants are...
Michael D. Ernst, Jake Cockrell, William G. Griswo...
Embedded Cartesian Genetic Programming (ECGP) is an extension of Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) that can automatically acquire, evolve and re-use partial solutions in the for...
James Alfred Walker, Julian Francis Miller, Rachel...
Evolutionary algorithms have successfully been applied to software testing. Not only approaches that search for numeric test data for procedural test objects have been investigate...