In nature, systems with enormous numbers of components (i.e. cells) are evolved from a relatively small genotype. It has not yet been demonstrated that artificial evolution is su...
Simon Harding, Julian Francis Miller, Wolfgang Ban...
The effects of neutrality on evolutionary search have been considered in a number of interesting studies, the results of which, however, have been contradictory. Some researchers ...
In this paper we examine the effects of single node mutations on trees evolved via genetic programming. The results show that neutral mutations are less likely for nodes nearer th...
Embedded Cartesian Genetic Programming (ECGP) is an extension of Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) that can automatically acquire, evolve and re-use partial solutions in the for...
James Alfred Walker, Julian Francis Miller, Rachel...
Long-standing theoretical concerns about mutation accumulation within the human population can now be addressed with numerical simulation. We apply a biologically realistic forward...
John Sanford, John Baumgardner, Wes Brewer, Paul G...