We show that an ongoing locomotor pattern can that the physiology of the lamprey's spinal system generalizes to be modulated by application of discrete electrical stimuli to limbed vertebrates, as well [8]. During forward swimming, the the spinal cord at speci£c phases of the locomotor cycle. Data activity of muscles on the left side of the body is 1800 out-of-phase is presented from a series of experiments on in vitro lamprey with the activity of muscles on the right side in any given spinal spinal cords, which were used as an animal model for severe segment, and the duty cycle for each side is about 40%. The same spinal cord injury. For any given stimulus, the effects on activation pattern is observed in lamprey spinal cords in vitro, after frequency, length, and symmetry of locomotor output show a the cord is excised from the body and chemically activated [9]. This strong dependence on the phase at which stimulation is applied. so-called "£ctive swimming" can be rec...
R. Jacob Vogelstein, Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Nitis