In this chapter, I have shown that problem solving depend on how the problem is represented to the learners. That representation affects, to some degree, they ways that problem solvers represent problem mentally. A more efficacious way of affecting those internal mental representation is to provide students with a variety of knowledge representation tools, such as concept maps, expert systems, and systems dynamics tools, to represent the problem space, that is, their mental representation of the problem and the domain knowledge required to solve it.
David H. Jonassen