In this paper, we propose a middleware library for efficiently developing distributed cooperative applications consisting of a large number of cellular phones with Java executors. The proposed middleware provides (1) a dynamic group formation mechanism depending on users’ geographical locations and preferred subjects and (2) a group communication mechanism called multi-way synchronization for multicasting, synchronization and mutual exclusion. Most of Java executors on the current cellular phones do not support direct communication among multiple user programs. Usable resources are also restricted. Therefore, in the proposed middleware, most of users’ programs are executed on their servers as agents. Message exchange among users for group formation and group communication is implemented as inter-process communication on their servers. Only the user-interface parts (UI parts) are executed on the cellular phones where each agent and its UI part communicate with each other via Servle...