d in Abstract State Machines – Advances in Theory and Applications: 10th International Workshop, ASM 2003, volume 2589 of LNCS, Springer–Verlag. Abstract Encryption and Protocols: an ASM Model – Part I Dean Rosenzweig, Davor Runje and Neva Slani University of Zagreb Abstract. We introduce an executable formal model of abstract enusing the specification language AsmL, based on Abstract State Machines of Gurevich, providing a simple executable models for cryptographic protocols. We show strong universality properties of our descriptions of patterns, protocol roles and environment behaviors—no ASM program can do better, given the same information.