We explain the raison d’ˆetre and basic ideas of input/output logic, sketching the central elements with pointers to other publications for detailed developments. The motivation comes from the logic of norms. Unconstrained input/output operations are straightforward to define, with relatively simple behaviour, but ignore the subtleties of contraryto-duty norms. To deal with these more sensitively, we constrain input/output operations by means of consistency conditions, expressed via the concept of an outfamily. They also provide a convenient platform for distinguishing and analysing several different kinds of permission. Keywords. Deontic logic, input/output logic, constraints, permissions 1 Motivation Input/output logic takes its origin in the study of conditional norms. These may express desired features of a situation, obligations under some legal, moral or practical code, goals, contingency plans, advice, etc. Typically they may be expressed in terms like: In such-and-such a s...
David Makinson, Leendert W. N. van der Torre