: The consolidation of multiple servers and their workloads aims to minimize the number of servers needed thereby enabling the efficient use of server and power resources. At the same time, applications participating in consolidation scenarios often have specific quality of service requirements that need to be supported. To evaluate which workloads can be consolidated to which servers we employ a trace-based approach that determines a near optimal workload placement that provides specific qualities of service. However, the chosen workload placement is based on past demands that may not perfectly predict future demands. To further improve efficiency and application quality of service we apply the trace-based technique repeatedly, as a workload placement controller. We integrate the workload placement controller with a reactive controller that observes current behavior to i) migrate workloads off of overloaded servers and ii) free and shut down lightly-loaded servers. To evaluate the eff...