— We evaluate the average waiting time between observing the price of financial markets and the next price change, especially in an on-line foreign exchange trading service for ...
It is argued that natural evolution is, par excellence, an algorithm that exploits the physical properties of materials. Such an exploitation of the physical characteristics has a...
We describe spectral estimation principles that are useful for color balancing, color conversion, and sensor design. The principles extend conventional estimation methods, which r...
As the IC process technology scales, the oxide thickness and operating voltage continues to decrease. The gate oxide thickness in recent and future IC process technology has appro...
— Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) is a leading reliability concern for integrated circuits (ICs). It gradually increases the threshold voltages of PMOS transistors, ...