Pad assignment with signal integrity optimization is very important for high-speed VLSI design. In this paper, an efficient method is proposed to effectively minimize both simulta...
A Pin-Grid-Array (PGA) package router is presented in this paper. Given a chip cavity with a number of I/O pads around its boundary and an equivalent number of pins distributed on...
Deep submicron effects drive the complication in designing chips, as well as in package designs and communications between package and board. As a result, the iterative interface d...
Background: Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has emerged as the leading method for high- throughput protein identification in proteomics. Recent technological breakthroughs have d...
We face a real-world train unit assignment problem for an operator running trains in a regional area. Given a set of timetabled train trips, each with a required number of passenge...