The high variability of students’ backgrounds typically found in introductory programming courses creates additional difficulties to foster motivation and ensure the desired competency and retention rates. This paper presents and discusses the results of applying an assessment methodology strongly based upon lab exams (or on-computer exams) with the objective of ensuring programming practice competency while maintaining students’ motivation. It discusses the difficult balances of several assessment methods, details the used assessment methodology and finally presents students results and views. These show that lab exams, although more demanding then group assignments, can be made popular among students if they perceived them as fairer. Categories and Subject Descriptors K.3.2 [Computers and Education]: Computer and Information Science Education—Computer science education, Curriculum General Terms Human Factors, Management Keywords Introductory programming course, CS1, lab exam...