The effectiveness of direct volume rendering is difficult to validate and users may not know whether they have successfully explored the data or not. This limits its applications. In this paper, we present several effectiveness metrics for volume visualization systems. The user desired information in volumetric data should be first specified manually or automatically detected at different levels (e.g., voxel-level, surface-level, and structure-level). Our metrics can then quantitatively measure whether the desired information has been well revealed in a direct volume rendered image or a visualization process. Instant feedback will be provided to users intuitively through effectiveness graphs, voxel images, and voxel scatterplot. The metrics can be integrated into typical volume visualization systems and can provide users with real time effectiveness evaluation to help them achieve their goals.