The Virtual Conductor is an artificial conducting system that uses real-time audio analysis of music played by musicians and uses this analysis to animate a virtual human that acts as a conductor. The analysis detects the tempo and the dynamics of the music, compares the results with the score and the intentions of the conductor and modifies the conducting behavior when the musicians deviate from the desired performance. The architecture of the system is presented and we explore the use of the conductor system for tutoring and rehearsal purposes.