A novel haptic interface was designed and developed for use in manipulation tasks. The force feedback mechanism consists of three degrees of spatial force feedback (x, y, and z directions) and 1 degree of grasping/parting (increasing the distance between two or more points) force feedback. This device also provides a net of three additional passive joints for a total of 7 degrees-of-freedom.
Gregory Tholey, Jaydev P. Desai